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你知道吗？防水材料施工也分南北方
防水卷材主要是用于建筑墙体、屋面、以及隧道、公路等处，起到抵御外界雨水、地下水渗漏的一种可卷曲成卷状的柔性建材产品，作为工程基础与建筑物之间无渗漏连接，是整个工程防水的第一道屏障，对整个工程起着至关重要的作用。产品主要有沥青防水卷材和高分子防水卷材。本文详细介绍防水卷材的施工方法及注意事项。
Waterproof material is mainly used for building wall, roof, and highway tunnel, etc., to resist the external rain, groundwater seepage can be a flexible coiled coiled material products, as no leakage between the foundation and building connection, the whole project is the first barrier of waterproof, plays a vital role in the the whole project. The products are mainly asphalt waterproof roll and macromolecule waterproof roll. The construction method and notice of waterproof roll are introduced in this paper.
1、基面要求：
1, base requirements:
基面清理干净，含水率不大于9%，平整密实，各节点收头整齐、完备，符合要求。
The surface of the base is cleaned up, the water content is not more than 9%, the formation is dense, and the joints of each node are tidy and complete, and meet the requirements.
2、第一道防水层：
2, the first waterproof layer:
（1）、铺设柔性防水层，选择涂料或卷材都可以。其施工条件要求基面含水率不大于9%，所以适宜在天气炎热且连晴5天以后的夏季施工。完工后，应做蓄水实验。
(1) laying flexible waterproof layer, choose coating or coil can. The construction conditions require that the moisture content of the base surface is not greater than 9%, so it is suitable for construction in the summer after 5 days of hot weather. After completion, water storage experiments should be carried out.
（2）、如做涂料防水，以“一布两涂”为例：清理干净基层后，满刷一遍涂料，干燥成膜后，铺设一层玻纤布胎体增强材料，并在已展平的表面上满刷一层涂料固定，干燥后进行下一遍涂料施工。防水涂膜的总厚度应在3毫米以上。
(2), such as waterproof coating, a coated cloth two "for example: clean up the grass, full of paint, dry film, laying a layer of glass fiber cloth reinforced matrix materials, and in the exhibition has fixed full brush a layer of paint on the surface, after drying of paint construction. The overall thickness of waterproof coating should be more than 3 millimeters.
（3）、如做防水卷材施工，清理干净基层后，在卷材反面和基层刷粘结胶，按弹好的基准线由远而近的粘贴、辊压，最后做接缝收头检查处理。
(3) if the construction of waterproof coiled material is done, after cleaning the base, glue the adhesive on the backing of the coil and the base, and press and close the base line according to the good base, and finally do the inspection of the seam joint.
3、第二道防水层：
3, second waterproof layer:
铺设刚性防水层，应在第一道柔性防水层完成后的两天左右进行施工，主要以高级脂肪酸类砂浆防水剂、水泥、砂子、细石骨料、纤维为基本材料，防水层厚度应为20-30毫米。
The laying of the rigid waterproof layer, should be completed in the first flexible waterproof layer after two days of construction, mainly in high fatty acid waterproofing agent, cement mortar, sand, fine aggregate, fiber as basic material, waterproof layer thickness is 20-30 mm.
（1）、按规范要求安装分格木条，分格设置为4000毫米×4000毫米。然后洒水使基面湿润，但不得有积水。
(1) install the grid batten according to the specification, and set it to 4000 millimeters * 4000 millimeters. Then sprinkle water to make the base surface moist, but no water.
（2）、按由远到近、先高后低的顺序，将配制好的砂浆或细石混凝土进行逐个分格施工，同一分格一次完成，抹平压实。
According to (2), from far to near, from high to low order, the mortar prepared fine stone concrete or by grid construction, with a lattice a complete, smooth compaction.
（3）、初凝后，取出分格木条，压光并修整分格缝。
(3) after the initial setting, remove the partition bar, press and trim the partition joint.
（4）、采用柔性密封材料嵌填分格缝，处理表面收口。施工完成后注意洒水养护。 （5）、如有屋面种植土，应在尽短的时间内覆盖上种植土
(4), using the flexible sealing material filling dividing joint, surface treatment. After completion of construction, pay attention to sprinkler maintenance. (5) if there is roof planting soil, it should be covered with planting soil in as short as possible time
一、屋面工程是建筑工程的一个分部工程，是指屋盖面层的施工内容，它包括了屋面的防水工程和屋面的保 温隔热工程。它由结构层以上的屋面找平层、隔气层、保温隔热层、防水层、保护层或使用面层等结构层次所组成。其施工质量的优劣将直接关系到建筑物的使用寿命。
First, the roof project is a part of the construction project, refers to the roof surface layer construction content, it includes the roof waterproof project and roof insulation project. The utility model is composed of a roof leveling layer, a gas insulating layer, a heat insulating layer, a waterproof layer, a protective layer or a surface layer, etc. the structure layer is composed of the structural layer above the structure layer. The quality of the construction will be directly related to the service life of the building.
二、屋面按其形式可分为平屋面、坡屋面和异形屋面；按其使用功能可分为非上人屋面和上人屋面；按其保温隔热的功能可分为保温隔热屋面和非保温隔热屋面。
Two, according to the roof forms can be divided into flat roof, sloping roof and shaped roof; according to the use function can be divided into non roofs and roofs; according to the thermal insulation function can be divided into thermal insulation roofing and insulation roof.
三、屋面防水工程根据所采用的防水材料不同材性可分为刚性防水屋面和柔性防水屋面。刚性防水屋面是指采用浇筑防水混凝土、涂抹防水砂浆或铺设烧结平瓦、水泥平瓦进行防水的屋面；柔性防水屋面是指采用铺设防水卷材、油毡瓦、涂刷防水涂料等进行防水的屋面。屋面依据其防水层所采用的防水材料材质不同，则又可分为刚性混凝土防水屋面、平瓦屋面、卷材防水屋面、涂膜防水屋面、油毡瓦防水屋面、金属板材防水屋面等。
Three, roofing waterproof project, according to the waterproof material used, different wood properties can be divided into rigid waterproof roof and flexible waterproof roof. Refers to the use of rigid waterproof roof waterproof concrete pouring, daub waterproof mortar or cement flat tile, flat tile laying sintering waterproof roof; flexible waterproof roof refers to the use of waterproofing materials, laying linoleum tile, brushing waterproof coating of waterproof roof. On the basis of the roof waterproof material waterproof layer material used is different, can be divided into rigid waterproof roof, tile roof, concrete roofing material, waterproof roofing shingles, roofing, sheet metal roofing etc..
四、屋面防水施工的注意事项：
Four, roof waterproof construction matters needing attention:
1．严禁在雨天进行卷材和保温施工。
1., strictly prohibit rolling and thermal insulation construction in rainy days.
2．卷材防水层的找平层要符合质量要求，达到规定的干燥程度。
2. coil waterproof layer of leveling layer to meet the quality requirements, to achieve the required degree of drying.
3．在屋面拐角、天沟、水落口、屋脊、卷材搭接、收头等节点部位，要仔细铺平贴紧、压实、收头牢靠、符合设计要求和屋面工程技术规范等有关规定．在屋面拐角、天沟、水落口、屋脊等部位要加铺卷材附加层。
3. in the corner, roof gutter, water mouth, roof, and top sheet lap joints, carefully smooth Tiejin, compaction, head firmly, comply with the relevant provisions of the design requirements and technical code for roof engineering. In the corner, roof gutter, water mouth, roof and other parts to overlay the coil additional layer.
4．卷材铺贴时要避免过度拉紧和皱折，基层与卷材间排气要充分，向横向两侧排气后用辊子压平粘实。
4. tiles to avoid excessive tension and fold, between the basic material to fully exhaust, to the lateral sides with a roller flattening stick real exhaust.
5．卷材搭接宽度和铺贴要顺直，同时要严格按照基层所弹标线施工。
5., coil overlap width and paving should be straight, and at the same time in strict accordance with the basic level of play marking construction.
6．铺设保温层时要保护好防水层 面防水工程是房屋建筑的一项重要工程，工程质量好坏关系到建筑物的使用寿命，还会直接影响人民生产活动和生活的正常进行。据统计，导致屋面渗漏的原因有几方面：材料占20%～22%，设计占18%～26%，施工占45%～48%，管理维护占6%～15%。目前屋面防水出现许多新型材料，但是卷材防水层仍然占着重要的位置，因此本文重点谈谈屋面卷材防水的施工。
To protect the waterproof waterproof engineering is an important project of building the 6. insulation layer, the engineering quality is directly related to the service life of the building, but also directly affect the production and life of normal people are. According to statistics, leading to leakage of roofing there are several aspects: materials accounted for 20% ~ 22%, the design accounted for 18% to 26%, construction accounted for 45% to 48%, management and maintenance accounted for 6% to 15%. At present, there are many new materials for roofing waterproofing, but the waterproof layer still occupies an important position. Therefore, this paper focuses on the construction of roofing waterproofing.
屋面卷材防水施工前要做好以下几点工作
Roofing waterproofing membrane construction, we must do the following work
一、施工前的技术准备工作
First, technical preparation before construction
屋面工程施工前，施工单位应组织技术管理人员会审屋面工程图纸，掌握施工图中的细部构造及有关技术要求并根据工程的实际情况编制屋面工程的施工方案或技术措施。这样避免施工后留下缺陷，造成返工，同时工程依据施工组织有计划地展开施工，防止工作遗漏、错乱、颠倒影响工程质量。
The roof construction, the construction unit shall organize technical management personnel for roof engineering drawings, grasp the detail structure construction drawing and relevant technical requirements and according to the actual situation of the preparation of project of roofing engineering construction scheme and technical measures. In this way, construction defects will be avoided and rework will be made. At the same time, the construction of the project will be carried out in a planned way according to the construction organization, so as to prevent the omission, confusion and reverse of the work and affect the quality of the project.
Waterproof material is mainly used for building wall, roof, and highway tunnel, etc., to resist the external rain, groundwater seepage can be a flexible coiled coiled material products, as no leakage between the foundation and building connection, the whole project is the first barrier of waterproof, plays a vital role in the the whole project. The products are mainly asphalt waterproof roll and macromolecule waterproof roll. The construction method and notice of waterproof roll are introduced in this paper.
1、基面要求：
1, base requirements:
基面清理干净，含水率不大于9%，平整密实，各节点收头整齐、完备，符合要求。
The surface of the base is cleaned up, the water content is not more than 9%, the formation is dense, and the joints of each node are tidy and complete, and meet the requirements.
2、第一道防水层：
2, the first waterproof layer:
（1）、铺设柔性防水层，选择涂料或卷材都可以。其施工条件要求基面含水率不大于9%，所以适宜在天气炎热且连晴5天以后的夏季施工。完工后，应做蓄水实验。
(1) laying flexible waterproof layer, choose coating or coil can. The construction conditions require that the moisture content of the base surface is not greater than 9%, so it is suitable for construction in the summer after 5 days of hot weather. After completion, water storage experiments should be carried out.
（2）、如做涂料防水，以“一布两涂”为例：清理干净基层后，满刷一遍涂料，干燥成膜后，铺设一层玻纤布胎体增强材料，并在已展平的表面上满刷一层涂料固定，干燥后进行下一遍涂料施工。防水涂膜的总厚度应在3毫米以上。
(2), such as waterproof coating, a coated cloth two "for example: clean up the grass, full of paint, dry film, laying a layer of glass fiber cloth reinforced matrix materials, and in the exhibition has fixed full brush a layer of paint on the surface, after drying of paint construction. The overall thickness of waterproof coating should be more than 3 millimeters.
（3）、如做防水卷材施工，清理干净基层后，在卷材反面和基层刷粘结胶，按弹好的基准线由远而近的粘贴、辊压，最后做接缝收头检查处理。
(3) if the construction of waterproof coiled material is done, after cleaning the base, glue the adhesive on the backing of the coil and the base, and press and close the base line according to the good base, and finally do the inspection of the seam joint.
3、第二道防水层：
3, second waterproof layer:
铺设刚性防水层，应在第一道柔性防水层完成后的两天左右进行施工，主要以高级脂肪酸类砂浆防水剂、水泥、砂子、细石骨料、纤维为基本材料，防水层厚度应为20-30毫米。
The laying of the rigid waterproof layer, should be completed in the first flexible waterproof layer after two days of construction, mainly in high fatty acid waterproofing agent, cement mortar, sand, fine aggregate, fiber as basic material, waterproof layer thickness is 20-30 mm.
（1）、按规范要求安装分格木条，分格设置为4000毫米×4000毫米。然后洒水使基面湿润，但不得有积水。
(1) install the grid batten according to the specification, and set it to 4000 millimeters * 4000 millimeters. Then sprinkle water to make the base surface moist, but no water.
（2）、按由远到近、先高后低的顺序，将配制好的砂浆或细石混凝土进行逐个分格施工，同一分格一次完成，抹平压实。
According to (2), from far to near, from high to low order, the mortar prepared fine stone concrete or by grid construction, with a lattice a complete, smooth compaction.
（3）、初凝后，取出分格木条，压光并修整分格缝。
(3) after the initial setting, remove the partition bar, press and trim the partition joint.
（4）、采用柔性密封材料嵌填分格缝，处理表面收口。施工完成后注意洒水养护。 （5）、如有屋面种植土，应在尽短的时间内覆盖上种植土
(4), using the flexible sealing material filling dividing joint, surface treatment. After completion of construction, pay attention to sprinkler maintenance. (5) if there is roof planting soil, it should be covered with planting soil in as short as possible time
一、屋面工程是建筑工程的一个分部工程，是指屋盖面层的施工内容，它包括了屋面的防水工程和屋面的保 温隔热工程。它由结构层以上的屋面找平层、隔气层、保温隔热层、防水层、保护层或使用面层等结构层次所组成。其施工质量的优劣将直接关系到建筑物的使用寿命。
First, the roof project is a part of the construction project, refers to the roof surface layer construction content, it includes the roof waterproof project and roof insulation project. The utility model is composed of a roof leveling layer, a gas insulating layer, a heat insulating layer, a waterproof layer, a protective layer or a surface layer, etc. the structure layer is composed of the structural layer above the structure layer. The quality of the construction will be directly related to the service life of the building.
二、屋面按其形式可分为平屋面、坡屋面和异形屋面；按其使用功能可分为非上人屋面和上人屋面；按其保温隔热的功能可分为保温隔热屋面和非保温隔热屋面。
Two, according to the roof forms can be divided into flat roof, sloping roof and shaped roof; according to the use function can be divided into non roofs and roofs; according to the thermal insulation function can be divided into thermal insulation roofing and insulation roof.
三、屋面防水工程根据所采用的防水材料不同材性可分为刚性防水屋面和柔性防水屋面。刚性防水屋面是指采用浇筑防水混凝土、涂抹防水砂浆或铺设烧结平瓦、水泥平瓦进行防水的屋面；柔性防水屋面是指采用铺设防水卷材、油毡瓦、涂刷防水涂料等进行防水的屋面。屋面依据其防水层所采用的防水材料材质不同，则又可分为刚性混凝土防水屋面、平瓦屋面、卷材防水屋面、涂膜防水屋面、油毡瓦防水屋面、金属板材防水屋面等。
Three, roofing waterproof project, according to the waterproof material used, different wood properties can be divided into rigid waterproof roof and flexible waterproof roof. Refers to the use of rigid waterproof roof waterproof concrete pouring, daub waterproof mortar or cement flat tile, flat tile laying sintering waterproof roof; flexible waterproof roof refers to the use of waterproofing materials, laying linoleum tile, brushing waterproof coating of waterproof roof. On the basis of the roof waterproof material waterproof layer material used is different, can be divided into rigid waterproof roof, tile roof, concrete roofing material, waterproof roofing shingles, roofing, sheet metal roofing etc..
四、屋面防水施工的注意事项：
Four, roof waterproof construction matters needing attention:
1．严禁在雨天进行卷材和保温施工。
1., strictly prohibit rolling and thermal insulation construction in rainy days.
2．卷材防水层的找平层要符合质量要求，达到规定的干燥程度。
2. coil waterproof layer of leveling layer to meet the quality requirements, to achieve the required degree of drying.
3．在屋面拐角、天沟、水落口、屋脊、卷材搭接、收头等节点部位，要仔细铺平贴紧、压实、收头牢靠、符合设计要求和屋面工程技术规范等有关规定．在屋面拐角、天沟、水落口、屋脊等部位要加铺卷材附加层。
3. in the corner, roof gutter, water mouth, roof, and top sheet lap joints, carefully smooth Tiejin, compaction, head firmly, comply with the relevant provisions of the design requirements and technical code for roof engineering. In the corner, roof gutter, water mouth, roof and other parts to overlay the coil additional layer.
4．卷材铺贴时要避免过度拉紧和皱折，基层与卷材间排气要充分，向横向两侧排气后用辊子压平粘实。
4. tiles to avoid excessive tension and fold, between the basic material to fully exhaust, to the lateral sides with a roller flattening stick real exhaust.
5．卷材搭接宽度和铺贴要顺直，同时要严格按照基层所弹标线施工。
5., coil overlap width and paving should be straight, and at the same time in strict accordance with the basic level of play marking construction.
6．铺设保温层时要保护好防水层 面防水工程是房屋建筑的一项重要工程，工程质量好坏关系到建筑物的使用寿命，还会直接影响人民生产活动和生活的正常进行。据统计，导致屋面渗漏的原因有几方面：材料占20%～22%，设计占18%～26%，施工占45%～48%，管理维护占6%～15%。目前屋面防水出现许多新型材料，但是卷材防水层仍然占着重要的位置，因此本文重点谈谈屋面卷材防水的施工。
To protect the waterproof waterproof engineering is an important project of building the 6. insulation layer, the engineering quality is directly related to the service life of the building, but also directly affect the production and life of normal people are. According to statistics, leading to leakage of roofing there are several aspects: materials accounted for 20% ~ 22%, the design accounted for 18% to 26%, construction accounted for 45% to 48%, management and maintenance accounted for 6% to 15%. At present, there are many new materials for roofing waterproofing, but the waterproof layer still occupies an important position. Therefore, this paper focuses on the construction of roofing waterproofing.
屋面卷材防水施工前要做好以下几点工作
Roofing waterproofing membrane construction, we must do the following work
一、施工前的技术准备工作
First, technical preparation before construction
屋面工程施工前，施工单位应组织技术管理人员会审屋面工程图纸，掌握施工图中的细部构造及有关技术要求并根据工程的实际情况编制屋面工程的施工方案或技术措施。这样避免施工后留下缺陷，造成返工，同时工程依据施工组织有计划地展开施工，防止工作遗漏、错乱、颠倒影响工程质量。
The roof construction, the construction unit shall organize technical management personnel for roof engineering drawings, grasp the detail structure construction drawing and relevant technical requirements and according to the actual situation of the preparation of project of roofing engineering construction scheme and technical measures. In this way, construction defects will be avoided and rework will be made. At the same time, the construction of the project will be carried out in a planned way according to the construction organization, so as to prevent the omission, confusion and reverse of the work and affect the quality of the project.
