不同的建筑部位，对防水材料的要求也不尽相同。每种材料都有各自的长处和短处，一种材料不能包打天下，用在什么地方都好的材料是没有的，各种材料只能互补，而不可取代，各自有用武之地。屋面防水和地下室防水，要求材性不同，而浴间的防水和墙面防水更有差别，坡屋面、外形复杂的屋面、金属板基层屋面也不相同，选材时均当细酌。
Different construction sites, the requirements of waterproof materials are not the same. Each material has its own strengths and weaknesses, a material can not win, for what is good material is not only complementary, various materials, and their use can not be replaced. Roof waterproof and basement waterproof, require different wood properties, and the bathroom waterproof and wall waterproof is more different, slope roofing, complex shape roofing, metal plate base roof is not the same, material selection is fine.
建筑部位选材
Building site selection
1、屋面防水层
1, roof waterproof layer
屋面防水层暴露在大自然中，受到炎热日光的暴晒，狂风的吹袭，雨雪的侵蚀，严寒酷暑的温度折磨，昼夜温差的变化胀缩反复，没有优良的材性和良好的保护措施，难以达到要求的耐久年限。所以应选择抗拉强度高、延伸率大、耐老化好的防水材料。如聚酯胎高聚物改性沥青卷材、三元乙丙橡胶卷材、P型聚氯乙烯卷材(焊接合缝)、单组份聚氨酯涂料(加保护层)。后面各种屋面设计还要详谈。
The roof waterproof layer exposed in nature, by the hot sun exposure, wind blowing, rain erosion, temperature change of cold summer torture, expansion of diurnal temperature shrinkage repeatedly, no good material and good protective measures to achieve durability requirements. Therefore, we should select waterproof materials with high tensile strength, high elongation and good aging resistance. Such as polyester polymer modified asphalt membrane, three EPDM membrane, P type PVC (welding seam), one component polyurethane coating (protective layer). Behind a variety of roof design, but also details.
2、墙体防水
2, wall waterproof
墙体为什么渗漏，皆因现在墙体太薄，多为轻型砌块砌筑，大量内外通缝，再是门窗樘与墙的结合处，密封不严，雨水由缝中渗入。墙体防水不能用卷材，只能用涂料，而且和外装修材料结合。窗樘安装缝唯有密封膏才能解决问题。
Why wall leakage, because now the wall is too thin, multi light masonry, a large number of internal and external joints, then with the door and window frames and wall, sealing, rainwater by seam penetration. Wall waterproof can not use coiled materials, can only use paint, but also with the external decoration materials combined. Frame joint sealant installation only to solve the problem.
3、地下建筑防水
3, underground building waterproof
地下防水层长年浸泡在水中或十分潮湿的土壤中，防水材料必须耐水性好。不能用易腐烂的胎体制成的卷材，底板防水层应用厚质的，并且有一定抵抗扎刺能力的防水材料。最好叠层6mm~8mm厚。如果选用合成高分子卷材，最宜热焊合接缝。使用胶粘剂合缝者，其胶应耐水性优良，否则再好的卷材也不能选用。使用防水涂料应慎重。单独使用厚主2.5mm，与卷材复合使用厚度也要2mm厚。
Underground waterproof layer is soaked in water or very damp soil for years. Waterproof material must be water resistant. Not made of perishable material matrix, floor waterproof layer application of thick, and have a certain resistance ability not waterproof material. It is better to laminate 6mm~8mm thick. If the choice of synthetic polymer membranes, the most suitable welding seam. The use of adhesive joint, the adhesive must be good, otherwise we can not choose the best material. The use of waterproof paint should be careful. Single use of thick main 2.5mm, and coil composite use, thickness should be 2mm thick.
4、厕浴间
4 、 toilet bath room
厕浴间的防水有三个特点。一是不受大自然气候的影响，温度变化不大，对材料的延伸率要求不高;二是面积小，阴阳角多，穿楼板管道多;三是墙面防水层上贴瓷砖，与粘结剂亲和性能好。根据以上三个特点，不能选用卷材，只有涂料最合适，涂料中又以水泥基丙烯酸酯涂料为最合适，能在上面牢固的粘贴瓷砖。
Toilet water bath has three characteristics. One is not affected by the nature of the climate, the temperature changed little, the elongation of material requirement is not high; the two is a small area, yin and yang angle, through the floor pipe; three is ceramic tile wall waterproofing layer, good compatibility with binder. According to the above three characteristics, can not choose the coil, only the coating is the most appropriate, and the coating in the cement based acrylic coating is the most appropriate, can be firmly affixed ceramic tile on it.
5、垃圾掩埋场
5. Landfill
垃圾掩埋场、湖塘沟渠种植屋面的防水选材，以聚乙烯土工膜为最好，幅宽5m以上，焊结合缝，耐穿刺性好。
Waterproof material landfill, Hutang ditch planting roof, with polyethylene geomembrane is the best, the width of more than 5m, welding seam, puncture resistance, good.
6、立交桥防水
6 、 waterproof of overpass
城市建设中立交桥工程越来越多，钢筋混凝土梁板必须防水，才能延长使用寿命。因在防水层上铺高温沥青混凝土路面，所以防水层应耐110℃的高温。选用APP忏悔沥青涂料或APP改性沥青卷材。
In urban construction, more and more overpass projects, reinforced concrete beam and slab must be waterproof, in order to extend the service life. Because of the high temperature asphalt concrete pavement on the waterproof layer, the waterproof layer should be resistant to 110 degrees of high temperature. APP repentance asphalt coating or APP modified asphalt roll are selected.
7、洞库防水
7, underground waterproof
洞库防水技术复杂，有岩石洞和黄土洞。在岩石洞中离壁式衬砌和贴壁式衬砌两种。岩石洞庭湖贴壁式衬砌。喷射混凝土后，在其表面抹水泥砂浆找平层，再贴高聚物改性沥青卷材或者贴聚乙烯土工膜，也可用聚氯乙烯防水卷材。岩石洞离壁式衬砌，在喷射混凝土表面喷射防水涂料、聚氨酯涂料或氯丁胶乳沥青涂料。黄土洞多为砌块衬砌，作内防水。在水泥砂浆表面抹聚合物防水砂浆或涂刷丙烯酸酯涂料。
Underground waterproof technology complex, rock cave and loess cave. There are two kinds of wall lining and wall lining lining in the rock cave. Rock Dongting Lake; lined wall; lining. After spraying concrete, cement mortar leveling layer is applied on the surface, and then polymer modified bitumen membrane or polyethylene geomembrane is applied, and polyvinyl chloride waterproof coiled material can be also used. The rock hole is off the wall lining and is sprayed with waterproof paint, polyurethane coating or neoprene latex coating on the sprayed concrete surface. The loess cave is mostly made of block lining, and it is waterproof inside. Apply polymer waterproof mortar or acrylic coating on the surface of cement mortar.
建筑功能要求选材
Building functional requirements material selection
1、屋面作园林绿化，美化城区环境。防水层上覆盖种植土种植花木。植物根系穿刺力很强，防水层除了耐腐蚀耐浸泡之外，还要具备抗穿刺能力。选用聚乙烯土工膜(焊接接缝)、聚氯乙烯卷材(焊接接缝)，铅锡合金卷材、抗生根的改性沥青卷材。
1, roofing for landscaping, landscaping urban environment. The waterproof layer is covered with planting soil and planting flowers and trees. Plant root puncture force is very strong, waterproof layer in addition to corrosion resistance, soaking, but also have the ability to puncture. Polyethylene geomembrane (welding seam), PVC (welding seam), Pb Sn alloy material, anti rooting of modified asphalt membrane.
2、屋面作娱乐活动和工业场地，如舞场、小球类运动场、茶社、晾晒场、观光台等。防水层上应铺设块材保护层。防水材料不必满粘。对卷材的延伸率要求不高，多种涂料都能用，也可作刚柔结合的复合防水。
2, the roof as entertainment and industrial sites, such as dance, ball games, teahouse, drying, tourism etc.. The waterproof layer shall be laid on the bulk layer of protection. Waterproof materials need not be full sticky. The requirements of the elongation of the coil is not high, a variety of coatings can be used, but also can be used as a combination of rigid and flexible waterproof.
3、倒置式屋面是保温层在上、防水层在下的种作法。保温层保护防水层不受阳光照射，也免于暴雨狂风的袭击和严冬酷暑折磨。选用的防水材料很宽，但是施工特别要精心细致，确保耐用年限内不漏。如果发生渗漏，修渗堵漏很困难，往往需要翻掉保温层和镇压层，造成困难和浪费。
3, inverted roof is the insulation layer on the top, waterproof layer under the practice. The heat preservation layer protects the waterproof layer from the sunlight, and is free from the rainstorm, the strong wind and the severe winter heat. The waterproof material used is wide, but the construction should be careful and careful to ensure that the service life is not leak. If the leakage occurs, it is difficult to repair the leakage, and often need to turn off the insulation layer and the suppression layer, resulting in difficulties and waste.
4、蓄水层面很像水池，只是水浅，一般不超过25mm。防水层长年浸泡在水里，要求防水材料耐水性好。可选用聚氨酯涂料、硅橡胶涂料、全盛高分子卷材(热焊合缝)、聚乙烯土工膜，铅锡金属卷材，不宜用胶粘合的卷材。
4, the water level is similar to the pool, but shallow water, generally not more than 25mm. Waterproof layer has been soaked in water for many years, and it requires waterproof material to resist water. Can choose polyurethane coatings, silicone rubber coating, its high polymer sheet (heat welding seam), polyethylene geomembrane, tin metal coil, coil with glue not.
工程条件要求选材
Selection of materials for engineering conditions
1、建筑等级是选择材料的首要条件，一、二级建筑必须选用优质防水材料，如聚酯胎高聚物改性沥青卷材，合成高分子卷材，复合使用的合成高分子涂料。
1, building level is the first condition of material selection, one or two buildings must be made of high quality waterproof materials, such as polyester polymer modified asphalt membrane, synthetic polymer material, the use of synthetic polymer composite coating.
2、坡屋面用瓦。粘土瓦、沥青油毡瓦、混凝土瓦、金属
2, slope roofing tile. Clay shingles, asphalt shingles, concrete tiles, metals